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A marine propeller is a rotating device used to propel a boat or a ship through water. It is the most common propulsion system used in the marine industry. The propeller consists of two or more blades that are shaped like twisted airfoils. These blades are mounted on a central hub, which is connected to the boat’s engine or a dedicated propulsion system.
The pitch of a marine propeller refers to the theoretical distance the propeller would move forward in one revolution if it were moving through a solid medium, such as a screw moving through wood. In practical terms, the pitch is the angle at which the blades of the propeller are set or twisted.
There are two main types of pitch associated with marine propellers:
These propellers have a fixed blade angle or pitch that cannot be adjusted. The pitch is typically designed to provide optimal performance at a specific speed or operating condition. Fixed pitch propellers are commonly used in smaller vessels or applications where the operating conditions remain relatively constant.
These propellers have blades that can be adjusted to change the pitch angle during operation. This allows for greater flexibility in optimizing performance across a range of speeds and operating conditions. Variable pitch propellers are commonly used in larger vessels, such as commercial ships, where the ability to adjust the pitch provides better maneuverability, efficiency, and handling in varying conditions.
The suitable diameter of a marine propeller is determined by various factors, including the vessel’s size, engine power, hull design, and available space under the anti-cavitation plate. The diameter refers to the size of an imaginary circle passing through the end of all the propeller blades.
Choosing the right propeller diameter involves finding a balance between maximizing power and avoiding excessive strain on the engine. A larger diameter propeller can generate more thrust by pushing more water, resulting in increased power. However, it also places greater load on the engine.
The available space under the anti-cavitation plate or hull is an important consideration when selecting the propeller diameter. The propeller should have sufficient clearance to operate without encountering cavitation (the formation of air bubbles) or colliding with the hull.
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